Efectos del síndrome de fricción de la banda iliotibial sobre la cinemática de carrera en corredoras populares / Effects of iliotibial band syndrome on running kinematics in female amateur runners / Efeitos da Síndrome de Atrito da banda do Trato Iliotibial na cinemática na carreira em corredores de rua

Objetivo: Examinar diferencias sobre los ángulos articulares de la cadera, rodilla, tobillo y retropie en corredoras con el síndrome de fricción de la banda iliotibial en el momento de la investigación, en comparación con corredoras sin historial de lesión en la rodilla ocasionada por la carrera. Método: Teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión, en este estudio retrospectivo se estudiaron a un total de 30 corredoras amateurs, 15 sanas y 15 con el síndrome de fricción de la banda iliotibial. Mediante un análisis cinemático tridimensional, se registraron los ángulos 3D de las articulaciones del miembro inferior durante la carrera en suelo. Resultados: El grupo con síndrome de fricción de la banda iliotibial mostró menor flexión de la rodilla en el inicio del contacto (13.48º versus 17.17º P = 0.02) y mayor aducción de la cadera durante el despegue (-5.65 versus -2.68 P = 0.03) en comparación al grupo de corredoras sanas. No se observaron diferencias significativas en el ángulo máximo de aducción de la cadera (P = 0.95), ángulo máximo de rotación interna de la rodilla (P = 0.80) y ángulo máximo de eversión del retropié (P = 0.16) entre los grupos. Conclusiones: Las corredoras con síndrome de fricción de la banda iliotibial actual muestran un perfil cinemático asociado a su lesión, se sugiere una falta de movilidad en varios planos de movimiento

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine how iliotibial band syndrome influences hip, knee, ankle and rear foot joint angle in female runners with iliotibial band syndrome and female runners with no history of knee injury at the moment of study. Method: In this retrospective study, the sample was composed of 30 recreational female runners (15 healthy runners and 15 with iliotibial band syndrome). A 3-D kinematic analysis was performed to measure 3D joint angles of the lower limb. Results: The iliotibial band syndrome group exhibited a reduced knee flexion angle at heel strike (13.48º vs. 17.17º p = 0.02) and greater hip adduction at toe-off (-5.65 vs. -2.68 p = 0.03) as compared to controls. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in peak hip adduction (p = 0.95), maximum knee internal rotation (p = 0.80) and maximum rearfoot eversion (p = 0.16) between the two groups. Conclusion: Female recreational runners with ITBS exhibit a specific kinematic profile suggestive of restricted movement at several planes

Objetivo: Examinar as diferenças nos ângulos articulares do quadril, joelho, tornozelo e dorso em corredores com a Síndrome de Atrito da Banda Iliotibial no momento da investigação, em comparação com corredores sem histórico de lesão no joelho causada pela corrida. Método: Considerando os critérios de inclusão, neste estudo retrospectivo foram estudados 30 corredores amadores, sendo 15 saudáveis e 15 com síndrome de Atrito da Banda Iliotibial. Por meio de uma análise cinemática tridimensional, os ângulos 3D das articulações do membro inferior foram registrados durante a corrida no solo. Resultados: O grupo com síndrome de atrito da banda iliotibial apresentou menor flexão de joelho no início do contato (13.48º versus 17.17º p = 0.02) e maior adução do quadril durante a decolagem (-5.65 versus -2.68 p = 0.03) em comparação com o grupo de corredores saudáveis. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no ângulo máximo de adução do quadril (p = 0.95), ângulo máximo de rotação interna do joelho (p = 0.80) e ângulo máximo de eversão do retropé (p = 0.16) entre os grupos. Conclusões: Corredores com síndrome de fricção da banda iliotibial apresentam um perfil cinemático associado à sua lesão, sugerindo uma falta de mobilidade em vários planos de movimento

Relación de la postura del pie con las lesiones más frecuentes en atletas. Un estudio piloto / Relationship of the foot posture with the most frequent injuries in athletes. A pilot study

Motivo y objetivos: Diversas investigaciones han establecido que las distintas patologías de la extremidad inferior pueden venir provocadas por la postura del pie, sin embargo, no está claro qué tipo de pie es propenso a padecer lesiones traumáticas o por sobrecarga. Por ello, el objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido establecer si la postura del pie está relacionada con la aparición de lesiones en corredores populares, tanto traumáticas como por sobrecarga. Material y método: Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo y transversal. La muestra se compuso de 40 corredores (29 hombres y 11 mujeres), con una edad media de 35 ± 9 años. Se preguntó a los atletas por sus hábitos atléticos, tipo de calzado, lesiones traumáticas y por si hubieran padecido sobrecarga. Se midieron los 6 criterios del FPI (FootPostureIndex), obteniendo la puntuación final y el grupo al que pertenecen. Se realizaron tablas de contingencia y prueba de chi-cuadrado para valorar las diferencias por grupo. Resultados: 23 corredores presentaron el pie derecho neutro (57,5%), mientras que en el izquierdo fueron 24 (60%.) Los pies pronados representaron entre el 20-25%. Sólo un pie izquierdo presentó una postura altamente supinada. Los pies pronados presentaron una mayor prevalencia de fascitis plantar en pie derecho (p=0.048) e izquierdo (p=0.015). En el pie izquierdo los pies pronados también presentaron síndrome de la cintilla iliotibal. Las lesiones traumáticas no se relacionaron con ningún tipo de pie. Conclusiones: La mitad de los corredores habían padecido fascitis plantar en algún momento de su vida deportiva relacionada con los pies pronados. Esto puede ser debido a que la disminución de la altura del arco medial provoca una distensión de los tejidos plantares, produciendo la inflamación o desgarro de la fascia

Background and objective: Some researches had established that lower limb diseases might be related with foot posture. However, it´s still unclear which group of feet is related to traumatic or overuse injuries. So, the aim of this study was to establish if any foot posture in recreational runners is related with appearance of injuries, either traumatic or for overuse. Material and methods: A prospective and cross-sectional study was designed. The sample consisted in 40 runners (29 man, and 11 women), with a mean age of 35 ± 9 years. Runners were asked about athletic habits, kind of sports shoes and traumatic and overuse injuries suff ered. 6 individual criteria of Foot Posture Index were evaluated, obtaining a fi nal score and classifi ed in a group. Contingence tables and chi-squared test were made to asses’ diff erences by group. Results: 23 runners presented rigth foot neutral (57,5%), while in left foot was 24 (60%.) Pronated feet represented between 20-25%. Only one left foot presented a highly supinated posture. Pronated feet presented more prevalence of plantar fascitis in right (p=0.048) and left (p=0.015) foot. In left foot, presented feet presented ilio-tibial syndrome. Traumatic injuries were not related with any group of feet. Conclusions: Half runners of the sample suff ered plantar fascitis in a moment of their athletic career, being related with the pronated feet. This might be due to the lower height of the medial longitudinal arch that distends plantar tissues and making the inflammation or tear of the plantar fascia

The prevalence of fluid associated with the iliotibial band in asymptomatic recreational runners: an ultrasonographic study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and distribution of fluid associated with the iliotibial band (ITB) in asymptomatic recreational runners. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Sports medicine center at a tertiary medical center. PATIENTS: Five male and 15 female asymptomatic recreational runners (10-30 miles per week) ages 18-40 years. METHODS: Participants were examined with the use of ultrasonography to assess for the presence of fluid at the level of the lateral femoral epicondyle and determine its relationship to the ITB at 0 and 30° of knee flexion in both supine (non-weight-bearing) and standing (weight-bearing) positions. RESULTS: Fluid was associated with the ITB in 100% of asymptomatic recreational runners and was bilateral in 90%. When examined in full extension with the subject supine, fluid was seen in 67.5% of knees (n = 40) compared with 95% of the knees when standing. When examined in 30° of flexion, the presence of fluid decreased to 30% when supine and 22.5% when standing. With the knee in full extension in a supine/standing position, fluid was located anterior and deep 70%/74% of the time and was anterior only 11%/0% of the time. With the knee flexed to 30° in a supine/standing position, fluid was located anterior and deep 50%/33% of the time and anterior only 33%/67% of the time. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of fluid associated with the ITB varied with body and knee position, was most common in the standing position with the knee extended, and was generally located anterior or anterior and deep to the ITB. The clinical significance of our findings are 2-fold: (1) body position should be considered when searching for fluid in the vicinity of the ITB, and (2) clinicians and imagers should exercise caution when interpreting the clinical significance of fluid associated with the ITB during ultrasonographic evaluation of runners with lateral knee pain.

Estudio sobre la prevalencia de alteraciones morfo-estructurales de las extremidades inferiores en corredores afectados por el síndrome de la cintilla iliotibial / Study on the prevalence of morphostructural alterations of the lower extremities in runners affected by iliotibial band syndrome

Se practica estudio sobre la prevalencia de alteraciones morfoestructurales de las extremidades inferiores en corredores afectados por el síndrome de la cintilla iliotibia. Participan 19 sujetos diagnosticados por el síndrome de la cintilla iliotibial a los que se les práctica test de confirmación de diagnóstico, exploración goniométrica de la rodilla y del pie, así como un examen baropodométrico. Se realizan también encuestas acerca de la intensidad del dolor y el tiempo que tarda el dolor en aparecer durante la actividad física. Se concluye que el 100% de los sujetos presenta algún tipo de alteración morfoestructural o funcional de las extremidades inferiores (AU)

Study is performed on the prevalence of morphostructural alterations of the lower limbs in runners affected by the syndrome iliotibia streak. Involved 19 subjects diagnosed by iliotibial band syndrome, those who underwent diagnostic confirmation test, goniometer scan of the knee and foot, and a baropodometric review. Surveys about pain intensity, pain takes time to appear during physical activity were made. We conclude that 100% of the subjects have some form of alteration, functional or morphostructural of the lower extremities (AU)

Iliotibial band syndrome in runners: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The popularity of running is still growing and, as participation increases, the incidence of running-related injuries will also rise. Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the most common injury of the lateral side of the knee in runners, with an incidence estimated to be between 5% and 14%. In order to facilitate the evidence-based management of ITBS in runners, more needs to be learned about the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this injury. OBJECTIVE: This article provides a systematic review of the literature on the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of ITBS in runners. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and reference lists were searched for relevant articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Systematic reviews, clinical trials or observational studies involving adult runners (>18 years) that focused on the aetiology, diagnosis and/or treatment of ITBS were included and articles not written in English, French, German or Dutch were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently screened search results, assessed methodological quality and extracted data. The sum of all positive ratings divided by the maximum score was the percentage quality score (QS). Only studies with a QS higher than 60% were included in the analysis. The following data were extracted: study design; number and characteristics of participants; diagnostic criteria for ITBS; exposure/treatment characteristics; analyses/outcome variables of the study; and setting and theoretical perspective on ITBS. MAIN RESULTS: The studies of the aetiology of ITBS in runners provide limited or conflicting evidence and it is not clear whether hip abductor weakness has a major role in ITBS. The kinetics and kinematics of the hip, knee and/or ankle/foot appear to be considerably different in runners with ITBS to those without. The biomechanical studies involved small samples, and data seem to have been influenced by sex, height and weight of participants. Although most studies monitored the management of ITBS using clinical tests, these tests have not been validated for this patient group. While the articles were inconsistent regarding the treatment of ITBS, hip/knee coordination and running style appear to be key factors in the treatment of ITBS. Runners might also benefit from mobilization, exercises to strengthen the hip, and advice about running shoes and running surface. CONCLUSION: The methodological quality of research into the management of ITBS in runners is poor and the results are highly conflicting. Therefore, the study designs should be improved to prevent selection bias and to increase the generalizability of findings.

Overuse injuries in high school runners: lifetime prevalence and prevention strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lifetime prevalence and risk factors for overuse injuries in high school athletes currently participating in long-distance running and provide recommendations for injury prevention strategies. DESIGN: Retrospective study design. SETTING: Twenty-eight high schools in the San Francisco Bay Area. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 442 female and 306 male athletes, ages 13-18 years, who are on cross-country and track and field teams. METHODS: Online survey with questions that detailed previous injuries sustained and risk factors for injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Previous overuse injuries and association of risk factors to injury (including training variables, dietary patterns, and, in girls, menstrual irregularities). RESULTS: Previous injuries were reported by 68% of female subjects and 59% of male subjects. More injury types were seen in girls (1.2 ± 1.1 versus 1.0 ± 1.0, P < .01). Both genders had similar participation in running (2.5 ± 2.2 versus 2.3 ± 2.1 years), and previous injury prevalence followed a similar pattern: tibial stress injury (girls, 41%; boys, 34%), ankle sprain (girls, 32%; boys, 28%), patellofemoral pain (girls, 21%; boys, 16%), Achilles tendonitis (girls, 9%; boys, 6%), iliotibial band syndrome (girls, 7%; boys, 5%), and plantar fasciitis (girls, 5%; boys, 3%). Higher weekly mileage was associated with previous injuries in boys, (17.1 ± 11.9 versus 14.1 ± 11.5, P < .05) but not in girls (14.4 ± 10.2 versus 12.6 ± 11.8, not significant). A strong association between higher mileage and faster performances was seen in both groups. No association between previous injury and current dietary patterns (including disordered eating and calcium intake) or menstrual irregularities was seen. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of athletes currently participating in high school cross-country and track and field have a history of sustaining an overuse injury, with girls having a higher prevalence of injury. A modest mileage reduction may represent a modifiable risk factor for injury reduction. Future research is needed to evaluate the effects of incorporating a comprehensive strength training program on the prospective development of overuse injury and performance in this population.